WSM

WILLIAMS SONOMA INC

Consumer Cyclical | Large Cap

$1.86

EPS Forecast

$1,775

Revenue Forecast

The company already released most recent quarter's earnings. We will publish our AI's next quarter's forecast around 2025-01-31
EX-99.1 2 d861901dex991.htm EX-99.1 EX-99.1

Exhibit 99.1

 

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Williams-Sonoma, Inc. announces strong fourth quarter and fiscal year 2019 results

Q4 comparable brand revenue growth accelerates to 7.6%

Q4 GAAP diluted EPS of $2.10; Q4 Non-GAAP diluted EPS of $2.13

FY19 comparable brand revenue growth accelerates to 6.0% with operating margin expansion

San Francisco, CA, March 18, 2020 – Williams-Sonoma, Inc. (NYSE: WSM) today announced operating results for the fourth fiscal quarter (“Q4 19”) and fiscal year 2019 (“FY 19”) ended February 2, 2020 versus the fourth fiscal quarter (“Q4 18”) and fiscal year 2018 (“FY 18”) ended February 3, 2019. Q4 19 included 13 weeks versus 14 weeks in Q4 18. FY 19 included 52 weeks versus 53 weeks in FY 18.

Laura Alber, President and Chief Executive Officer, commented, “2019 was an outstanding year for our company. We delivered a strong holiday season, outpacing the industry with comparable brand revenue growth of 7.6% in the fourth quarter. West Elm outperformed with a comp of 13.9%, the Pottery Barn brands’ resurgence continued with a combined comp of 7.1%, and the Williams Sonoma brand returned to growth with a comp of 3.3%. The drivers of our outperformance include an expanded, more relevant product assortment, new customer acquisition and further innovations in our customer experience across e-commerce, stores and the supply chain. Our cross-brand initiatives business to business, The Key and in-home Design Crew also continued to scale and become more impactful accelerators of our growth. For the full year, we achieved our goal of maximizing growth and maintaining high profitability with topline and non-GAAP EPS growth at the high-end or above expectations and operating margin expansion. It is clear from these results that our continued evolution and innovation are setting us apart from the competition. This culture is woven into our design-driven products, our digital-first model, and in our commitment to sustainability leadership. And together with our strong growth initiatives, we have a winning combination.”

Alber continued, “Looking ahead to 2020, it is hard not to acknowledge the devastating impact that the coronavirus outbreak is having on communities around the world. Our thoughts are with all of the people affected and our top priority is the safety and well-being of our associates, our customers and our business partners. And, we are taking action to prepare and adapt our business in this time of uncertainty. We would like to thank our people for all their hard work and for their continued commitment to serving our customers as we navigate this challenging time together.”

FOURTH QUARTER 2019

 

   

Comparable brand revenue growth accelerates to 7.6%, with positive comparable revenue growth in all brands, including West Elm at 13.9%, Pottery Barn at 6.7%, Pottery Barn Kids and Teen at 7.9% and Williams Sonoma at 3.3%

   

Gross margin of 37.6%, which includes the impact of reduced year-over-year occupancy leverage of approximately 60bps as a result of the 53rd week in FY 18

   

Occupancy costs were $181 million, relatively flat to last year

   

Strong SG&A leverage of approximately 80bps across employment and advertising

   

GAAP operating margin of 11.0%; non-GAAP operating margin of 11.6%

   

GAAP diluted EPS of $2.10; non-GAAP diluted EPS of $2.13

FISCAL YEAR 2019

 

   

Comparable brand revenue growth accelerates to 6.0%, the high-end of the guidance range, with positive comparable revenue growth in all brands, including West Elm at 14.4%, Pottery Barn at 4.1% and Pottery Barn Kids and Teen at 4.5%

   

GAAP diluted EPS of $4.49; non-GAAP diluted EPS of $4.84, exceeding the high-end of the guidance range

   

Operating margins expand over FY18

   

Robust operating cash flow of over $600 million

   

Strong returns to shareholders of nearly $300 million split between dividends and share repurchases

   

Above industry average GAAP ROIC of 20.9%; non-GAAP ROIC of 22.4% (See Exhibit 1)

 

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FY18 results included a 53rd week, which we estimated last year added approximately $85 million in net revenues and $0.10 per diluted share to the fourth quarter and the year.

GUIDANCE

In light of the recent proliferation of the coronavirus and the increasing uncertainty in the current operating environment, the Company is temporarily suspending the provision of fiscal year 2020 guidance.

Long-Term Financial Targets

 

   

Total Net Revenues growth of mid to high single digits

   

Non-GAAP Operating Income growth in line with revenue growth, driving Operating Margin stability

   

Above-industry average ROIC

CONFERENCE CALL AND WEBCAST INFORMATION

Williams-Sonoma, Inc. will host a live conference call today, March 18, 2020, at 2:00 P.M. (PT). The call, hosted by Laura Alber, President and Chief Executive Officer, will be open to the general public via live webcast and can be accessed at http://ir.williams-sonomainc.com/events. A replay of the webcast will be available at http://ir.williams-sonomainc.com/events.

CONTACT INFORMATION

Julie Whalen EVP, Chief Financial Officer – (415) 616 8524

Elise Wang VP, Investor Relations – (415) 616 8571

SEC REGULATION G NON-GAAP INFORMATION

This press release includes non-GAAP financial measures. Exhibit 1 provides reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most comparable financial measures calculated and presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“GAAP”). We have not provided a reconciliation of non-GAAP guidance measures to the corresponding GAAP measures on a forward-looking basis due to the potential variability and limited visibility of excluded items; these excluded items include expenses related to the acquisition and operations of Outward, Inc.,employment-related expense, tax legislation, a deferred tax true-up, impact of equity accounting rules, and impairment and early termination charges. We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures, when reviewed in conjunction with GAAP financial measures, can provide meaningful supplemental information for investors regarding the performance of our business and facilitate a meaningful evaluation of current period performance on a comparable basis with prior periods. Our management uses these non-GAAP financial measures in order to have comparable financial results to analyze changes in our underlying business from quarter to quarter. In addition, certain other items may be excluded from non-GAAP financial measures when the company believes this provides greater clarity to management and investors. These non-GAAP financial measures should be considered as a supplement to, and not as a substitute for or superior to the GAAP financial measures presented in this press release and our financial statements and other publicly filed reports. Non-GAAP measures as presented herein may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies.

 

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This press release contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions that, if they do not fully materialize or are proven incorrect, could cause our results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements include statements relating to: our ability to capture significant opportunities in the home furnishings industry; increase our market share; our ability to continue to improve performance; our focus on operational excellence; our ability to improve customers’ experience; our optimism about the future; our ability to maximize growth and maintain high profitability; our long-term financial targets; our stock repurchase program and dividend expectations; and our proposed store openings and closures.

The risks and uncertainties that could cause our results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements include: continuing changes in general economic conditions, and the impact on consumer confidence and consumer spending; the impact of the coronavirus on our global supply chain, retail store operations and customer demand, new interpretations of or changes to current accounting rules; our ability to anticipate consumer preferences and buying trends; dependence on timely introduction and customer acceptance of our merchandise; changes in consumer spending based on weather, political, competitive and other conditions beyond our control; delays in store openings; competition from companies with concepts or products similar to ours; timely and effective sourcing of merchandise from our foreign and domestic vendors and delivery of merchandise through our supply chain to our stores and customers; effective inventory management; our ability to manage customer returns; successful catalog management, including timing, sizing and merchandising; uncertainties in e-marketing, infrastructure and regulation; multi-channel and multi-brand complexities; our ability to introduce new brands and brand extensions; challenges associated with our increasing global presence; dependence on external funding sources for operating capital; disruptions in the financial markets; our ability to control employment, occupancy and other operating costs; our ability to improve our systems and processes; changes to our information technology infrastructure; general political, economic and market conditions and events, including war, conflict or acts of terrorism; the impact of current and potential future tariffs and our ability to mitigate impacts; and other risks and uncertainties described more fully in our public announcements, reports to stockholders and other documents filed with or furnished to the SEC, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 3, 2019 and all subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K. We have not filed our Form 10-K for the year ended February 2, 2020. As a result all financial results described here should be considered preliminary, and are subject to change to reflect any necessary adjustments or changes in accounting estimates that are identified prior to the time we file the Form 10-K. All forward-looking statements in this press release are based on information available to us as of the date hereof, and we assume no obligation to update these forward-looking statements.

ABOUT WILLIAMS-SONOMA, INC.

Williams-Sonoma, Inc. is a specialty retailer of high-quality products for the home. These products, representing distinct merchandise strategies — Williams Sonoma, Pottery Barn, Pottery Barn Kids, West Elm, Pottery Barn Teen, Williams Sonoma Home, Rejuvenation, and Mark and Graham — are marketed through e-commerce websites, direct-mail catalogs and retail stores. These brands are also part of The Key Rewards, our free-to-join loyalty program that offers members exclusive benefits across the Williams-Sonoma family of brands. We operate in the U.S., Puerto Rico, Canada, Australia and the United Kingdom, offer international shipping to customers worldwide, and have unaffiliated franchisees that operate stores in the Middle East, the Philippines, Mexico and South Korea, as well as e-commerce websites in certain locations. In 2017, we acquired Outward, Inc., a 3-D imaging and augmented reality platform for the home furnishings and décor industry.

WSM-IR

 

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings (unaudited)

 

     Thirteen Weeks Ended     Fourteen Weeks Ended  
     February 2, 2020     February 3, 2019  

In thousands, except per share amounts

   $      % of
Revenues
    $      % of
Revenues
 

Net revenues

   $ 1,843,590        100   $ 1,836,436        100

Cost of goods sold

     1,150,862        62.4       1,126,513        61.3  
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Gross profit

     692,728        37.6       709,923        38.7  

Selling, general and administrative expenses

     489,042        26.5       509,070        27.7  
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Operating income

     203,686        11.0       200,853        10.9  

Interest expense, net

     1,367        0.1       1,633        0.1  
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Earnings before income taxes

     202,319        11.0       199,220        10.8  

Income taxes

     36,274        2.0       43,882        2.4  
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net earnings

   $ 166,045        9.0   $ 155,338        8.5
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Earnings per share (EPS):

          

Basic

   $ 2.15        $ 1.95     

Diluted

   $ 2.10        $ 1.93     
  

 

 

      

 

 

    

Shares used in calculation of EPS:

 

       

Basic

     77,364          79,610     

Diluted

     78,912          80,681     
  

 

 

      

 

 

    

 

4th Quarter Net Revenues and Comparable Brand Revenue Growth (Decline) by Concept*

 

     

Net Revenues

(Millions)

     Comparable Brand Revenue
Growth (Decline)
 

  

     Q4 19        Q4 18      Q4 19     Q4 18  

Pottery Barn

   $ 640      $ 647        6.7     (0.4 %) 

West Elm

     409        379        13.9       11.1  

Williams Sonoma

     441        456        3.3       0.1  

Pottery Barn Kids and Teen

     276        274        7.9       1.6  

Other

     78        80        N/A       N/A  

Total

   $ 1,844      $ 1,836        7.6     2.4
   
   
  *

See the Company’s 10-K and 10-Q filings for the definition of comparable brand revenue, which is calculated on a 13-week to 13-week basis for Q4 2019, and on a 14-week to 14-week basis for Q4 2018.

 

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings (unaudited)

 

     Fifty-Two Weeks Ended     Fifty-Three Weeks Ended  
     February 2, 2020     February 3, 2019  

In thousands, except per share amounts

   $      % of
Revenues
    $      % of
Revenues
 

Net revenues

   $ 5,898,008        100   $ 5,671,593        100

Cost of goods sold

     3,758,916        63.7       3,570,580        63.0  
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Gross profit

     2,139,092        36.3       2,101,013        37.0  

Selling, general and administrative expenses

     1,673,218        28.4       1,665,060        29.4  
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Operating income

     465,874        7.9       435,953        7.7  

Interest expense, net

     8,853        0.2       6,706        0.1  
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Earnings before income taxes

     457,021        7.7       429,247        7.6  

Income taxes

     100,959        1.7       95,563        1.7  
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net earnings

   $ 356,062        6.0   $  333,684        5.9
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Earnings per share (EPS):

          

Basic

   $ 4.56        $ 4.10     

Diluted

   $ 4.49        $ 4.05     
  

 

 

      

 

 

    

Shares used in calculation of EPS:

 

Basic

     78,108          81,420     

Diluted

     79,225          82,340     
  

 

 

      

 

 

    

 

Fiscal Year Net Revenues and Comparable Brand Revenue Growth by Concept*

 

      Net Revenues
(Millions)
     Comparable Brand Revenue
Growth
 

  

   FY 19      FY 18      FY 19     FY 18  

Pottery Barn

   $ 2,214      $ 2,177        4.1     1.2

West Elm

     1,467        1,293        14.4       9.5  

Williams Sonoma

     1,032        1,056        0.4       1.7  

Pottery Barn Kids and Teen

     909        896        4.5       2.8  

Other

     276        250        N/A       N/A  

Total

   $ 5,898      $ 5,672        6.0     3.7
   
   
  *

See the Company’s 10-K and 10-Q filings for the definition of comparable brand revenue, which is calculated on a 52-week to 52-week basis for fiscal 2019 and on a 53-week to 53-week basis for fiscal 2018.

 

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited)

 

In thousands, except per share amounts

   February 2, 2020     February 3, 2019  

Assets

    

Current assets

    

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 432,162     $ 338,954  

Accounts receivable, net

     111,737       107,102  

Merchandise inventories, net

     1,100,544       1,124,992  

Prepaid expenses

     90,426       101,356  

Other current assets

     20,766       21,939  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current assets

     1,755,635       1,694,343  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Property and equipment, net

     929,038       929,635  

Operating lease right-of-use assets

     1,166,383       —    

Deferred income taxes, net

     47,977       44,055  

Goodwill

     85,343       85,382  

Other long-term assets, net

     69,666       59,429  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets

   $ 4,054,042     $ 2,812,844  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

    

Current liabilities

    

Accounts payable

   $ 521,235     $ 526,702  

Accrued expenses

     175,003       163,559  

Gift card and other deferred revenue

     289,613       290,445  

Income taxes payable

     22,501       21,461  

Current debt

     299,818       —    

Operating lease liabilities

     227,923       —    

Other current liabilities

     73,462       72,645  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current liabilities

     1,609,555       1,074,812  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Deferred rent and lease incentives

     27,659       201,374  

Long-term debt

     —         299,620  

Long-term operating lease liabilities

     1,094,579       —    

Other long-term liabilities

     86,389       81,324  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities

     2,818,182       1,657,130  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Stockholders’ equity

    

Preferred stock: $.01 par value; 7,500 shares authorized; none issued

     —         —    

Common stock: $.01 par value; 253,125 shares authorized; 77,137 and 78,813 shares issued and outstanding at February 2, 2020 and February 3, 2019, respectively

     772       789  

Additional paid-in capital

     605,822       581,900  

Retained earnings

     644,794       584,333  

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

     (14,587     (11,073

Treasury stock, at cost

     (941     (235
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total stockholders’ equity

     1,235,860       1,155,714  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

   $ 4,054,042     $ 2,812,844  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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Retail Store Data

(unaudited)

 

      November 3, 2019      Openings      Closings     February 2, 2020      February 3, 2019  

Williams Sonoma

     218        1        (8     211        220  

Pottery Barn

     205        —          (4     201        205  

West Elm

     114        4        —         118        112  

Pottery Barn Kids

     79        1        (6     74        78  

Rejuvenation

     10        —          —         10        10  

Total

     626        6        (18     614        625  
                                             
                                             

 

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Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (unaudited)

 

In thousands

   Fiscal 2019
(Fifty-Two
Weeks)
    Fiscal 2018
(Fifty-Three
Weeks)
 

Cash flows from operating activities:

    

Net earnings

   $ 356,062     $ 333,684  

Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:

    

Depreciation and amortization

     187,759       188,808  

(Gain) loss on disposal/impairment of assets

     1,755       10,209  

Amortization of deferred lease incentives

     (7,714     (26,199

Non-cash lease expense

             215,810       —    

Deferred income taxes

     (2,557     23,639  

Stock-based compensation expense

     64,163       59,802  

Other

     (26     (579

Changes in:

    

Accounts receivable

     (5,034     (15,329

Merchandise inventories

     24,219       (70,331

Prepaid expenses and other assets

     (3,189     (54,691

Accounts payable

     (11,051     62,377  

Accrued expenses and other liabilities

     13,259       45,976  

Gift card and other deferred revenue

     (640     38,899  

Deferred rent and lease incentives

     —         24,929  

Operating lease liabilities

     (226,257     —    

Income taxes payable

     735       (35,208
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash provided by operating activities

     607,294       585,986  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash flows from investing activities:

    

Purchases of property and equipment

     (186,276     (190,102

Other

     728       2,203  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash used in investing activities

     (185,548     (187,899
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash flows from financing activities:

    

Payment of dividends

     (150,640     (140,325

Repurchases of common stock

     (148,834     (295,304

Borrowings under revolving line of credit

     100,000       60,000  

Repayments of borrowings under revolving line of credit

     (100,000     (60,000

Tax withholdings related to stock-based awards

     (27,752     (14,437
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash used in financing activities

     (327,226     (450,066
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents

     (1,312     797  

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

     93,208       (51,182

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

     338,954               390,136  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

   $ 432,162     $ 338,954  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

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Exhibit 1

 

GAAP to Non-GAAP Reconciliation

(unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

 

     Thirteen Weeks Ended     Fourteen Weeks Ended     Fifty-Two Weeks Ended     Fifty-Three Weeks Ended  
     February 2, 2020     February 3, 2019     February 2, 2020     February 3, 2019  
      $    

% of

revenues

    $    

% of

revenues

    $    

% of

revenues

    $    

% of

revenues

 

Gross profit

   $ 692,728       37.6   $ 709,923       38.7   $ 2,139,092       36.3   $ 2,101,013       37.0

Outward-related1

     895         324         3,035         1,051    

Employment-related expense2

     —           —           30         —      

Impairment and early termination charges3

     —                 767               —                 1,676          

Non-GAAP gross profit

   $ 693,623       37.6   $ 711,014       38.7   $ 2,142,157       36.3   $ 2,103,740       37.1
                                                                  

Selling, general and administrative expenses

   $ 489,042       26.5   $ 509,070       27.7   $ 1,673,218       28.4   $ 1,665,060       29.4

Outward-related1

     (8,206       (6,918       (27,070       (24,110  

Employment-related expense2

     (624       (2,543       (8,366       (7,988  

Tax legislation4

     —           (269       —           (269  

Impairment and early termination charges3

     —                 (5,995             —                 (11,510        

Non-GAAP selling, general and administrative expenses

   $ 480,212       26.1   $ 493,345       26.9   $ 1,637,782       27.8   $ 1,621,183       28.6
                                                                  
                                                           

Operating income

   $ 203,686       11.0   $ 200,853       10.9   $ 465,874       7.9   $ 435,953       7.7

Outward-related1

     9,101         7,242         30,105         25,161    

Employment-related expense2

     624         2,543         8,396         7,988    

Tax legislation4

     —           269         —           269    

Impairment and early termination charges3

     —                 6,762               —                 13,186          

Non-GAAP operating income

   $ 213,411       11.6   $ 217,669       11.9   $ 504,375       8.6   $ 482,557       8.5
                                                                  
             Tax rate            Tax rate            Tax rate            Tax rate  

Income taxes

   $ 36,274       17.9   $ 43,882       22.0   $ 100,959       22.1   $ 95,563       22.3

Outward-related1

     1,484         846         5,959         4,668    

Employment-related expense2

     (200       584         (502       1,933    

Tax legislation4

     (64       (254       (162       4,124    

Deferred tax liability adjustment5

     6,046         —           6,046         —      

Impact of equity accounting rules6

     —           —           —           (1,146  

Impairment and early termination charges3

     —                 1,588               —                 3,180          

Non-GAAP income taxes

   $ 43,540       20.5   $ 46,646       21.6   $ 112,300       22.7   $ 108,322       22.8
                                                                  
                                                           

Diluted EPS

   $ 2.10       $ 1.93       $ 4.49       $ 4.05    

Outward-related1

     0.10         0.08         0.30         0.25    

Employment-related expense2

     0.01         0.02         0.11         0.07    

Tax legislation4

     —           0.01         —           (0.05  

Deferred tax liability adjustment5

     (0.08       —           (0.08       —      

Impact of equity accounting rules6

     —           —           —           0.01    

Impairment and early termination charges3

     —                 0.06               —                 0.12          

Non-GAAP Diluted EPS*

   $ 2.13             $ 2.10             $ 4.84             $ 4.46          
                                                                  
*

Per share amounts may not sum due to rounding to the nearest cent per diluted share

 

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LOGO

 

SEC Regulation G – Non-GAAP Information

These tables include non-GAAP gross profit, gross margin, selling, general and administrative expense, operating income, operating margin, income taxes, effective tax rate and diluted EPS. We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures provide meaningful supplemental information for investors regarding the performance of our business and facilitate a meaningful evaluation of our quarterly actual results on a comparable basis with prior periods. Our management uses these non-GAAP financial measures in order to have comparable financial results to analyze changes in our underlying business from quarter to quarter. These non-GAAP financial measures should be considered as a supplement to, and not as a substitute for, or superior to, financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP.

Notes to Exhibit 1:

 

1 

During Q4 and fiscal 2019, we incurred approximately $9.1 million and $30.1 million, respectively, of expense, for acquisition-related compensation expense and amortization of intangible assets, as well as the operations of Outward, Inc. During Q4 and fiscal 2018, we incurred approximately $7.2 million and $25.2 million, respectively, of expense.

 

2 

During Q4 and fiscal 2019, we incurred approximately $0.6 million and $8.4 million, respectively, of employment-related expense. During Q4 and fiscal 2018, we incurred approximately $2.5 million and $8.0 million, respectively, of employment-related expense.

 

3 

During Q4 and fiscal 2018, we incurred approximately $6.8 million and $13.2 million, respectively, of expense, primarily associated with impairment and early lease termination charges.

 

4 

During Q4 and fiscal 2019, we recorded income tax expense of approximately $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, associated with tax legislation changes. During Q4 and fiscal 2018, we recorded income tax expense of approximately $0.3 million and a net income tax benefit of $4.1 million, associated with tax legislation changes.

 

5 

During Q4 19, we recorded an approximate $6.0 million tax benefit resulting from a non-recurring adjustment to a deferred tax liability.

 

6 

During Q1 18, we recorded income tax expense of approximately $1.1 million associated with the adoption of accounting rules related to stock-based compensation.

Return on Invested Capital (“ROIC”)

We believe ROIC is a useful financial measure for investors in evaluating the efficient and effective use of capital, and is an important component of long-term shareholder return. We define ROIC as non-GAAP net operating profit after tax (NOPAT), divided by our average invested capital. NOPAT is defined as non-GAAP operating income, plus rent expense, less estimated taxes at the company’s effective tax rate. Average invested capital is defined as the two-year average of total assets less current liabilities, plus capitalized leases, less cash in excess of $200 million.

ROIC is not a measure of financial performance under GAAP, and should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for other financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP. Our method of determining ROIC may differ from other companies’ methods and therefore may not be comparable.

 

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